Claims
The Claim and the Proof Are Not the Same Thing
Claim and proof are not interchangeable: learn to check what a source actually establishes, what it leaves open and…
The reading room
All stories
Explore explanations of claims, sources, evidence, context and uncertainty. Each piece follows one question far enough to make the next one easier to ask.
Sources
Who Is Speaking, and How Do They Know?
Trace who is speaking and how they know to distinguish direct observation, attributed accounts and summaries before…
Context
Before the Link: A Short History of the Byline
The history of the byline shows how author credits changed in print and online, and helps readers tell a named writer…
Evidence
A Screenshot Is a Fragment, Not a Full Record
Screenshot context matters: trace an image to its source, identify what its format can establish and decide what to…
Uncertainty
Reading an Early Report Without Rushing to Certainty
Reading an early report carefully helps you tell what an update actually changes, what remains unresolved and what not…
Our point of view
A story is a starting point, not the whole picture
We look at the parts that make information easier to assess: its source, its evidence, its framing and the questions still unanswered.